雅思大作文Task2题型和写作逻辑

雅思议论文写作Task 2

雅思议论文写作 – 怎样准备大作文Task2？
雅思议论文写作需要看透题型及常见的写作逻辑结构。我们通过下面一道雅思写作真题，来分析一下怎样进行议论文写作。

2012年雅思真题分析
There is a tendency that news reports in the media focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive development, which is harmful to the individual and to society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

典型结构——同意与否
话题引入
对己方观点的论证
对反方观点的驳斥
重申己方观点

三种观点构思：
1.观点支持，4段结构
（1）针对题目所给的讨论内容，写一到两句引入句，表明你的支持观点。在首段表明观点就是你的总论点。比如说，报道社会问题 / 紧急情况有害 ，引起恐慌，对社会发展失去信心
（2）主体立论段，从正面立论说明你的观点成立，举例说明等；立论段所占比例要大于驳论段。
（3）主体驳论段：提出反方观点，指出后者的不足，错误，疏漏并进行简单分析；
（4）结尾段：总结文章论证，并得出结论，再次表明文章总论点。这个时候切忌不能再引入任何新的观点或论证内容。

2.观点反对，4段结构
（1）针对题目所给的讨论内容，写一到两句引入句，表明你的支持观点。在首段表明观点就是你的总论点。比如说，报道社会问题 / 紧急情况有益 ，唤起重视，提高意识，发现问题才能解决问题。
（2）主体驳论段，引出反方观点，支持文章否定观点的一方，指出后者的不足，错误，疏漏并进行简单分析；可以先让步。
（3）主体立论段：从正面立论说明你的观点成立，举例说明等；立论段所占比例要大于驳论段。常见的逻辑结构是，先反驳在立论。
（4）结尾段：总结文章论证，并得出结论，再次表明文章总论点。这个时候切忌不能再引入任何新的观点或论证内容。

批判性的中立观点，4段结构：
（1）针对题目所给的讨论内容，写一到两句引入句，表明你的态度。在首段表明观点就是你的总论点。一个观点有利也有弊，或者两个观点都有一定的道理。
（2）主体段一，论证观点一。你的二个主体段是平行，互补的关系，没有主次之分，你在讨论总观点的两个方面。论证时千万不能自相矛盾，自己与自己对立起来。
（3）主体段二：从另一方面论证你的分论点。
（4）结尾段：总结文章论证，并得出结论，再次表明文章批判性的中立观点，为什么坚持批判性的中立观点。这个时候切忌不能再引入任何新的观点或论证内容。

雅思官方对于7分雅思作文的评分标准：
Task Response 任务响应
• Addresses all parts of the task
• Presents a clear position throughout the response
• Presents, extends and supports main ideas

Coherence and Cohesion连贯与衔接
• Logically organizes information and ideas
• Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately
• Presents a clear central topic within each paragraph

Lexical Resource 词汇资源
• Uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
• Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation搭配
• Occasional errors

Grammatical Range and Accuracy语法范围与精确性
• Uses a variety of complex structures
• Produces frequent error-free sentences
• Has good control of grammar and punctuation

开头段写作举例
There is a tendency that news reports in the media focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive development, which is harmful to the individual and to society.

主体段立论
For many people, news is a regular part of life, but today, it is important to note that content of different news including national, local, politics and traffic news tends to be full of negative information instead of positive progress.
It has been argued that news reports about social problems and emergencies should be minimized or even restricted.
I agree on this suggestion based on the following concerns.

主体段驳论
Individuals are more likely to be pessimistic when they frequently receive negative information.
News report concerning emergency and severe social problems will inevitably give rise to panic and negative attitude; because they are anxious about the possibilities that similar events may appear around them, which have harmful effects on their normal life.
For example, when citizens saw thousands of crocodiles leave their heads away the water, they concern about the possibility of earthquakes rather than enjoying their vacation, due to a recent report about minor earthquake in news programs.

结尾段——重申观点+简单总结
All in all / to sum up
To eliminate possible and unnecessary panic caused and address the deficiency of positive attitude towards future development, television and radio programs should lay more emphasis on spreading good news.