导游讲解的基本技能与方法
导游讲解的基本技能与方法
Basic Requirements for a Tour Guide’s Introduction
To be an excellent tour guide，it is important to have a command of the guiding skills．A guide should adopt different methods of introduction according to categories of attractions visited，the situation on the spot and tourists’ education and their travel purposes．A tour guide should always keep in mind the following basic requirements in his/her introduction：
（1）A tour guide should choose appropriate location for introduction．
（2）A tour guide should face tourists when he/she is making an introduction．
（3）A tour guide should use microphone correctly and make
himself/herself heard by every tourist．
（4）A tour guide should use different styles of the language so as to cater to tourists from all walks of life．
（5）A tour guide should ensure the content of commentary conforms to what tourists are sightseeing．
（6）A tour guide should convey his/her passion to the introduction so as to move tourists．
（7）A tour guide should make his/her introduction interesting and humorous so as to appeal to tourists．
（8）A tour guide should not argue with tourists about what they disagree on；instead he/she should discuss difference with them．
（9）A tour guide should make sure his/her introduction is correct．He/She should not pretend to know what he/she does not know．
（1） The Method of Section by Section Introduction 分段讲解法
This method requires that the whole scenic spot be divided into different sections in series so that a tour guide could introduce them one by one．First of all，a brief survey on the scenic spot should be made on the way or at the entrance，including its history，area，aesthetical value and the names of its main scenic sports，through which the tourists could have a preliminary impression on the scenic spot that they will visit．However，a tour guide should not introduce too much about the next scenic spot when he/she introduces the present one．Towards the end of the introduction，it is appropriate to only briefly introduce the next scenic spot so as to arouse tourists’ interest for the coming scene．
（2）The method of description introduction 描绘法
This method is used to describe a scenic spot with concrete，vivid and elaborate words，just reveal to the tourists the characteristics of the scenic spot that the tourists may ignore．Not every tourist，in some sense，could appreciate the beauty of the landscape or the cultural values of the historical interests，and become inspired aesthetically without tour guide’s explanations．However， tourists may have a good taste or appreciation for the scenic spot after listening to the introduction made by the guide．
（3）The method of narrative introduction 叙述法
This method attempts to introduce the scenic spots by accurate，terse and objective words before tasting it themselves．It is one of the most common methods，by which a tour guide takes the opportunity to introduce the origin， scale and other features of the scenic spot．But tourists are likely to get bored as a result of lacking in participation of the discussions，for they are only the passive audience in this case．For this reason，the tour guide may as well vary his/her intonation with appropriate gestures and vivid facial expressions so as to avoid the tedious narration．
（4）The method of explanatory introduction 解释法
This method is inclined to help tourists understand some vague points of a scenic spot with plain words．It is applied when a tour guide introduces the religious knowledge about the historical interests or the scientific principles of the works or some miracles of a scenic spot that tourists may fail to comprehend．
（5）The method of introduction with quotations 引用法
This method is used to give an account of a scenic spot by quoting proverbs，mottos，slangs，anecdotes，legends，folk tales or remarks of celebrities，so as to acquire the effects of vividness，consciousness and comprehensiveness in his/her introduction．For instance，to arouse tourists’ interest，a tour guide can introduce the surroundings of Du Fu’s Thatched Cottage by quoting the poems composed by Du Fu，the saint of the Tang Dynasty．
（6）The method of tracing analogy between two events 类比法
Analogy is a form of logical inference or an instance of it，based on the assumption that if two things are known to be alike in some respects，then they must be alike in other respects．This method is applied to help tourists further understand the scenic spot and deepen their impression by analogizing the similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar．Owning to the diversity in geography，history nationality，culture and religion，it is none of an easy matter to make everyone construe whatever a tour guide introduces．Therefore，the method of tracing analogy between two events is surely utilized in such circumstances．
（7）The method of suspension creation introduction 制造悬念法
This method tends to excite tourists’ curiosity and thirst for knowledge by suspending the introduction suddenly when a tour guide explains the key point of a scenic spot．It turns out to be one of the most effective ways to catch the tourists’ attention，aiming at inspiring the tourists to participate in seeking the truth．If they fail to come up with it，the tour guide then help them find the way out and resolve the riddle．
（8）The method of question and answer introduction 有问有答法
It is a method of introduction by a tour guide to ask tourists questions or to encourage them to put forward questions about the scenic spot．It targets the efficacy in animating the atmosphere，exercising tourists’ imagination，and promoting the communication between the guide and tourists．Eventually， tourists may have the joy of participation and the sense of achievement for better understanding the scenic spot they are visiting．Meanwhile，a tour guide should attempt to avoid the boring monologue or the method of spoon feed．
There are three basic methods of question and answer introduction．First， a guide raises questions and answers them by himself/herself．In this case，a guide can control his/her pace of introduction and avoid some“hard-to-answer questions”put forward by tourists．Second，a guide can also use the method of“a guide raises the questions and tourists answer them”．But this depends on the categories of the scenic spot and kinds of tourists as well as their interest． Third，a guide can also resort to the method of“tourists raise questions and the guide answers them”．However，the tour guide should give priority to the typical questions close to the contents of the current introduction，and answer the less important questions later，or after the introduction，otherwise the introduction could be interrupted by tourists．
（9）The method of introduction spurred by beautiful scenery 触景生情法
The method shifts the concern of tourists from the present sight to other scenes．The tour guide should not restrict his/her introduction on the present scene．Instead he/she shall keep his/her wits to make use of a subject to elaborate his/her own so as to arouse the tourists’ free association．For instance，when the coach passes by the Tech Street of Chengdu，the tour guide may make a brief account of the street，and then usher tourists to the development of Chengdu’s economy and technology．
（10）The method of combination of factual information and abstract reasoning 虚实结合法
This method is to enrich the tourists’ knowledge with historical figures， events and myths，by which they can better understand on-the-spot landscape． For example，when he/she guides a group at the Bamboo Forest in Sichuan， he/she may as well tell the beautiful legend of Carefree Valley，which will surely render his/her introduction more impressive．
（11）The method of introduction with focus on key events 突出重点法
This method is to emphasize some aspects of the scenic spot instead of focusing on every aspect of a matter．Take Wolong Nature Reserve for example，a tour guide should lay his/her focus on introduction of the giant panda，the national treasure as well as the marked achievements in protecting and breeding it．The other scenic spot，such as the Gully of Hero，the Valley of Silver Dragon and Dengsheng Virgin Forest，etc．are less important，so the guide can skip them over or just have a few words for his/her introduction．
（12）The method of introduction of giving a crucial touch to a picture 画龙点睛法
The method can give deep impression upon tourists with the concise wording．A tour guide can sum up the highlights of a scenic spot with a few words，and help tourists grasp the essence of the place of interest．For example，a guide can give a crucial touch to the Jiuzhaigou Valley by mentioning the essence of this magnificent tourist resort“emerald green lakes，cascading waterfalls，colorful forests，snowcapped peaks and Tibetan customs”．